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Bezemer, Prof. Dirk

Dirk Bezemer
Dirk Bezemer

Dirk Bezemer is Professor of Economics of International Financial Development. He holds a PhD in economics (Amsterdam, 20001) and two MSc degrees (Wageningen, 1995). He was a researcher at Imperial College (Univ. London) and worked on development economics issues in policy advice and in the UK civil service before joining the University of Groningen, where he is a Professor.

Dirk Bezemer leads a research team working on financial fragility, economic models and the causes and consequences of the financial crisis. In addition to academic publications, Dirk Bezemer co-wrote OECD, World Bank and UNCTAD policy reports. He is a frequent contributor to international and Dutch newspapers and television. In 2011-2013 he obtained three research grants and he coordinates the Economics of Credit and Debt research work within the New York based Institute for New Economic Thinking. Dirk Bezemer is a member of the Dutch Sustainable Finance Lab.

Previously in the news (mostly in Dutch)

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Contact and more information

Publications

2024

Stumphius, C., & Bezemer, D. (2024). Green Bonds: financial development or financialization? A firm-level analysis of their emission and energy impacts. (FEBRI Research Reports; No. 2024004-GEM). University of Groningen, FEB Research Institute.

2023

Bezemer, D., Ryan-Collins, J., van Lerven, F., & Zhang, L. (2023). Credit policy and the ‘debt shift’ in advanced economies. Socio-Economic Review, 21(1), 437–478. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwab041

2022

Fennema, G., Warnaar, M., Bezemer, D., & Hörchner, K. (2022). Inkomen van minima blijft steeds verder achter bij wat ‘normaal’ gevonden wordt. Economisch Statistische Berichten, 107(4813), 400-403. https://esb.nu/inkomen-van-minima-blijft-steeds-verder-achter-bij-wat-normaal-gevonden-wordt/
Bezemer, D. (2022). Pensioensparen heeft hoge kosten en beperkte baten. Economisch Statistische Berichten, 107(4814), 470-473. https://esb.nu/pensioensparen-heeft-hoge-kosten-en-beperkte-baten/
Tarne, R., Bezemer, D., & Theobald, T. (2022). The effect of borrower-specific loan-to-value policies on household debt, wealth inequality and consumption volatility: An agent-based analysis. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 144, Article 104526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2022.104526

2021

Bezemer, D. (2021). Financialisering kan verklaring zijn voor macro-economische ‘puzzels’. Economisch Statistische Berichten, 106(4795S), 78-85. https://esb.nu/financialisering-kan-verklaring-zijn-voor-macro-economische-puzzels/
Rozite, K., Jacobs, J. P. A. M., & Bezemer, D. (2021). Investor Sentiment and Business Investment. (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 2021005-GEM). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Bezemer, D. J. (2021). Seize the Day: Opportunities and costs in the COVID-19 crisis. Global Sustainability, 4, Article e10. https://doi.org/10.1017/sus.2021.9
Bezemer, D., & Schoenmaker, D. (2021). Strengere hypotheekeisen zullen huizenprijzen remmen. Economisch Statistische Berichten, 106(4803), 516-518. https://esb.nu/strengere-hypotheekeisen-zullen-huizenprijzen-remmen/
Bezemer, D. (2021). Van SGP naar MMT? Europa na het Stabiliteits- en Groeipact. Socialisme en Democratie, 78(1), 47-58.

2020

Bezemer, D., Bumann, S., & Lensink, R. (2021). Does Financial Liberalization Accentuate Financial Instability? In A. H. Ahmad, D. Llewellyn, & V. Murinde (Eds.), Inclusive Financial Development (pp. 82-112). (New Horizons in Money and Finance). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800376380.00011
Bezemer, D. (2021). Minsky’s Legacy: Two Strands. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 45(2), 391-409. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/beaa059
Bezemer, D., Samarina, A., & Zhang, L. (2020). Does mortgage lending impact business credit? Evidence from a new disaggregated bank credit data set. Journal of Banking & Finance, 113, Article 105760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2020.105760
Bezemer, D. (2020). Een land van kleine buffers: Er is genoeg geld, maar we gebruiken het verkeerd. Uitgeverij Pluim .

2019

Bezemer, D., & Zhang, L. (2019). Credit composition and the severity of post-crisis recessions. Journal of Financial Stability, 42, 52-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2019.05.010
Rozite, K., Bezemer, D. J., & Jacobs, J. P. A. M. (2019). Towards a financial cycle for the U.S., 1973-2014. North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 50, Article 101023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2019.101023

2018

Grydaki, M., & Bezemer, D. (2019). Nonfinancial sector debt and the U.S. Great Moderation: Evidence from flow‐of‐funds data. International Journal of Finance and Economics, 24(1), 80-96. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1650
Bezemer, D. (2018). Unproductive debt causes crisis: Connecting the history of money to the current crisis. In R. J. van der Spek, & B. van Leeuwen (Eds.), Money, currency and crisis: In Search of Trust, 2000 BC to AD 2000 (pp. 37-54). (Routledge Explorations in Economic History). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315210711-3

2017

Samarina, A., Zhang, L., & Bezemer, D. (2017). Credit cycle coherence in the eurozone: Was there a euro effect? Journal of International Money and Finance, 77, 77-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2017.07.002
Schasfoort, J., Godin, A., Bezemer, D., Caiani, A., & Kinsella, S. (2017). Monetary Policy Transmission in a Macroeconomic Agent-Based Model. (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 17010-GEM). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Schasfoort, J., Bezemer, D., Godin, A., Kinsella, S., & Caiani, A. (2017). Monetary Policy Transmission in a Macroeconomic Agent-Based Model. Advances in Complex Systems, 20(8). https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219525918500030
Bezemer, D., Samarina, A., & Zhang, L. (2017). The Shift in Bank Credit Allocation: New Data and New Findings. (SOM Research Reports; No. 17012-GEM). University of Groningen, SOM research school.

2016

Bezemer, D., & Samarina, A. (2016). Debt Shift, Financial Development and Income Inequality in Europe. (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 16020-GEM). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Samarina, A., & Bezemer, D. (2016). Do capital flows change domestic credit allocation? Journal of International Money and Finance, 62, 98-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2015.12.013
Zhang, L., & Bezemer, D. (2016). Finance and Growth in China, 1995-2013: More liquidity or more development? Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 9(3), 613-631. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsw022
Bezemer, D., & Hudson, M. (2016). Finance is not the Economy: Reviving the Conceptual Distinction. Journal of Economic Issues, 50(3), 745-768. https://doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2016.1210384
Bezemer, D., Grydaki, M., & Zhang, L. (2016). MORE MORTGAGES, LOWER GROWTH? Economic Inquiry, 54(1), 652-674. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecin.12254
Rozite, K., Bezemer, D. J., & Jacobs, J. P. A. M. (2016). Towards a financial cycle for the US, 1973-2014. (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 16013-GEM). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Bezemer, D. J. (2016). Towards an ‘accounting view’ on money, banking and the macroeconomy: history, empirics, theory. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 40(5), 1275–1295. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bew035

2015

Zhang, L., & Bezemer, D. (2015). A global house of debt effect? Mortgages and post-crisis recessions in fifty economies. (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 15009-GEM). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Samarina, A., Zhang, L., & Bezemer, D. (2015). Mortgages and Credit Cycle Divergence in Eurozone Economies. (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 15021-GEM). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Bezemer, D. (2015). The Amsterdamse Wisselbank. In L. P. Rochon, & S. Rossi (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Central Banking (pp. 4-5). Palgrave MacMillan.

2014

Samarina, A., & Bezemer, D. (2014). Capital Flows and Financial Intermediation: is EMU different? (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 14021-GEM). University of Groningen, SOM research school. http://som.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/reports/2014/14021-GEM/
Bezemer, D., & Grydaki, M. (2014). Financial fragility in the Great Moderation. Journal of Banking & Finance, 49, 169-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.09.005
Bezemer, D., & Zhang, L. (2014). From boom to bust in the credit cycle: the role of mortgage credit. (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 14025-GEM). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Zhang, L., & Bezemer, D. (2014). How the credit cycle affects growth: the role of bank balance sheets. (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 14026-GEM). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Bezemer, D., Grydaki, M., & Zhang, L. (2014). Is financial development bad for growth? (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 14016-GEM). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Bezemer, D., & Grydaki, M. (2014). Nonfinancial sectors debt and the U.S. great moderation. (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 14030-GEM). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Bezemer, D. J. (2014). Schumpeter might be right again: the functional differentiation of credit. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 24(5), 935-950. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-014-0376-2
Bezemer, D. J., Bolt, J., & Lensink, B. W. (2014). Slavery, Statehood, and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. World Development, 57(5), 148-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.12.004

2013

Bezemer, D. J., & Jong-A-Pin, R. (2013). Democracy, globalization and ethnic violence. Journal of Comparative Economics, 41(1), 108-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2012.06.003
Grydaki, M., & Bezemer, D. (2013). The role of credit in the Great Moderation: A multivariate GARCH approach. Journal of Banking & Finance, 37(11), 4615-4626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.01.039

2012

Bezemer, D. (2012). Consequences of the commodity bubble. In The 2012 commodity report Article Chapter 5 UNCTAD-CRAS (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development - Commodity Research Analysis Section).
Bezemer, D. (2012). Credit cycles. In J. Toporowski, & J. Michell (Eds.), The handbook of critical issues in finance (pp. 66-76). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Hudson, M., & Bezemer, D. (2012). Incorporating the rentier sectors into a financial model. World Economic Review, 1(1), 1-12. http://wer.worldeconomicsassociation.org/papers/incorporating-the-rentier-sectors-into-a-financial-model/
Bezemer, D. (2012). Lessen uit de crisis: waarom we opnieuw moeten nadenken over geld. Tijdschrift voor Politieke Economie, 6(3), 63-73. http://www.tpedigitaal.nl/archief/3-2012/paper/276
Bezemer, D. J. (2012). The economy as a complex system: The balance sheet dimension. Advances in Complex Systems, 15(5), Article 1250047. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0219525912500476

2011

Bezemer, D. (2011). Flow of fund models and financial instability anticipations. In O. Dejuán, E. Febrero, & C. Marcuzzo (Eds.), The first great recession of the 21st century: competing explanations Edward Elgar Publishing.
Bezemer, D. J. (2011). The Credit Crisis and Recession as a Paradigm Test. Journal of Economic Issues, 45(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEI0021-3624450101
Bezemer, D. J. (2011). Who predicted the crisis and what can we learn from them? In O. Dejuan, E. Febrero, & MC. Marcuzzo (Eds.), FIRST GREAT RECESSION OF THE 21ST CENTURY: COMPETING EXPLANATIONS (pp. 13-32). Edward Elgar Publishing.

2010

Headey, D., Bezemer, D. J., & Hazell, P. L. (2010). Agricultural employment trends in Asia and Africa: Too fast or too slow? World Bank Research Observer, 25(1), 57-89. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkp028
Bezemer, D. (2010). Finance for development. Dutch Development Bank FMO.
Bezemer, D. J. (2010). Understanding financial crisis through accounting models. Accounting organizations and society, 35(7), 676-688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2010.07.002

2009

Dorward, A., Kydd, J., Poulton, C., & Bezemer, D. (2009). Coordination risk and cost impacts on economic development in poor rural areas. Journal of Development Studies, 45(7), 1093-1112. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380802550277
Bezemer, D. (2009). No one saw this coming. Understanding financial crisis through accounting models. (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 09002). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Bezemer, D. J. (2009). No one saw this coming. Understanding financial crisis through accounting models. (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 09002). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Bezemer, D. J. (2009). This is not a credit crisis - It is a debt crisis. Economic Affairs, 29(3), 95 - 97.
Bolt, J., & Bezemer, D. J. (2009). Understanding Long-Run African Growth: Colonial Institutions or Colonial Education? Journal of Development Studies, 45(1), 24-54. Article 906817877. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380802468603

2008

Bezemer, D., & Headey, D. (2008). Agriculture, development, and urban bias. World Development, 36(8), 1342-1364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.07.001
Bezemer, D. (2008). An East Asian Renaissance: ideas for economic growth. Asian-Pacific economic literature, 22(2), 57-59.
Bezemer, D. (2008). Policy reforms and agriculture development in Central Asia. Economic Systems, 32(3), 302-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2007.10.005
Bezemer, D., & Eggen, A. (2008). The role of poverty reduction strategies in achieving the millennium development goals. (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 08001). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Bezemer, D. J., & Eggen, A. R. (2008). The role of poverty reduction strategies in achieving the millennium development goals. (SOM Research Reports; Vol. 08001). University of Groningen, SOM research school.

2007

Bezemer, D. J. (2007). Book Review of How rich countries got rich and why poor countries stay poor, E. Reinert. Journal of Development Studies, 43(8), 1524-1525.
Bezemer, D. J. (2007). Book Review of The evolution creditary structures and controls, G. Gardiner. Journal of Economic Issues, XLI, 888-889.
Bezemer, D. J. (2007). How rich countries got rich ... and why poor countries stay poor. Journal of Development Studies, 43(8), 1524-1525.
Bezemer, D. J. (2007). Poverty in transition countries. East-West Journal of Economics and Business, IX(1), 11 - 35.
Bezemer, D. J. (2007). The evolution of creditary structures and controls. Journal of Economic Issues, 41(3), 888-889.
Bezemer, D. J., & Hazell, P. L. (2007). The global exit from agriculture: Regional trends and projections. (World Development Reports: Background Papers; Vol. 2008). The World Bank.
Bezemer, D. J., & Jong-A-Pin, R. (2007). World on fire? Democracy, globalization and ethnic violence. (SOM Research Reports; No. 07006). University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Bezemer, D., & Jong-A-Pin, R. (2007). World on Fire? Democracy, Globalization and Ethnic Violence. s.n.

2006

Bezemer, D. J. (2006). Introduction. In D. J. Bezemer (Ed.), On eagle's wings: The Albanian economy in transition Nova Science Publishers.
Bezemer, D. J. (2006). On eagle's wings: The Albanian economy in transition. Nova Science Publishers.
Bezemer, D. J., & te Velde, D. W. (2006). Regional trade integration and foreign direct investment in developing countries. Transnational Corporation, 15(2), 41 - 70.
Bezemer, D. J., Stanikunas, D., & Zemeckis, R. (2006). The decline of corporate entrprises in transitional agriculture: Evidence from Lithuania. Comparative Economic Studies, 48, 156 - 182.
Bezemer, D. J. (2006). The ponzi years: growth but not development. In D. J. Bezemer (Ed.), On eagle's wings: The Albanian economy in transition Nova Science Publishers.
Bezemer, D. J., & Headey, D. (2006). Why do urban biases persist? (06C01 ed.) University of Groningen, SOM research school.
Bezemer, D., & Headey, D. (2006). Why do urban biases persist? s.n.

2005

Bezemer, D. J. (2005). Book Review. Journal of Socio-Economics, 34, 421 - 424.
Bezemer, D., Balcombe, K., Davis, J., & Fraser, I. (2005). Livelihoods and farm efficiency in rural Georgia. Applied Economics, 37(15), 1737-1745. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036840500215253
Bezemer, D., Dulleck, U., & Frijters, P. (2005). Social Capital, Creative Destruction and Economic Development. s.n.

2004

Bezemer, D. J. (2004). Bimodal credit systems in the Czech Republic. In D. Macey, W. Pyle, & S. Wegren (Eds.), Building market institutions in post-communist agriculture: land, credit, and assistance Lexington Books.
Bezemer, D. J. (2004). Official development assistance to agriculture. s.n.
Bezemer, D. J., & te Velde, D. W. (2004). Regional trade integration and foreign direct investment in developing countries. European Union.
Bezemer, D. J. (2004). Risk and agricultural de-collectivisation, with evidence from the Czech Republic. Economic Systems, 28(1), 1 - 21.
Bezemer, D. J., & Lerman, Z. (2004). Rural livelihoods in Armenia. Post-Communist Economies, 16(3), 334 - 348.
Bezemer, D. J., & Davis, J. R. (2004). The development of the rural non-farm economy in developing countries and transition countries: key emerging and conceptual issues. Natural Resources Institute.
Bezemer, D. J., Davis, J. R., Janowski, M., & Wandschneider, T. (2004). The rural non-farm economy and poverty alleviation in Armenia, Georgia and Romania: a synthesis of findings. National Resources Institute.

2003

Bezemer, D. (2003). Credit Allocation and Enterprise Structures in the Czech Republic. Comparative Economic Studies, 45(1), 25-43.

2002

Bezemer, D. (2002). Credit Markets for Post-Socialist Agriculture. Europe-Asia Studies, 54(8), 1301-1317.
Bezemer, D. (2002). De-Collectivization in Czech and Slovak Agriculture: An Institutional Explanation. Journal of Economic Issues, 36(3), 723-745.

2001

Bezemer, D. (2001). Post-Socialist Financial Fragility: the Case of Albania. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 25(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/25.1.1
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